A formal or ceremonial observance of the religious context rites Essay

A formal or ceremonial observance of the religious context rites - Essay Example The purpose of the essay is to examine the nature, role and significance of religious rites by comparing and contrasting the rites and rituals peculiar to Islam and Christianity. Funeral rites in Islam as well as Christianity serve to provide solace and comfort to help cope with the loss of a loved one while simultaneously reinforcing belief in the almighty by driving home the frailty of human existence. They are rites of passage. Both religions share some common beliefs pertaining to death. Islam and Christianity believe in life after death (akhirah and resurrection respectively), the existence of heaven and hell, the immortality of the soul, that life on earth is merely a test to be followed by a day of reckoning or Judgment day where one will be punished or rewarded. However they differ in ritualistic practice.Funeral rites in Islam honor the dead. The dying person tries to die with the Shahada or declaration of faith on the lips. This prayer reaffirms the belief that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is his prophet. The body is cleansed thoroughly as instructed in the Hadith by the prophet Muhammad following the death of his daughter "wash her three times, or more than that if you feel it necessary with water". This process is called ghusl. Particular attention is given to the parts of the body that are cleansed before prayers. The body is anointed with camphor then shrouded in clean white cloth (Kahn) that symbolizes purity. If a person has performed hajj his ihram is used to wrap the body. Funeral prayers called Salatul Janazah are recited. It is here that the Shia and Sunni Muslim practices differ. Differences arise in their use of Hadith material, as the Sunni Muslims recognize six books of the Hadith while the Shias recognize only four that give importance to Ali who is believed to be the rightful successor to the prophet. Wailing at funerals is prohibited by the Sunni Muslims while the Shias have no such restrictions. Salatul Janazah is significant as it provides solace to the mourners and reiterates the belief that the soul of the deceased has gone on to a better place. The dead are given instructions on how best to answer the interrogation by the angels Munkar and Nakir The body is then carried away to be buried. The coffin is ahead of the mourners in the funeral procession as it is believed that the Angel of Death leads in front of the bier. The body is lowered into the earth without the coffin, which indicates that there is nothing inhibiting the body as it begins the ascent heavenwards. The arms are folded to give the appearance of prayer (salat), as a gesture of reverence. The body is buried facing the direction of the Ka'ba at Mecca, which signifies the umbilical- cord like connection that exists between God and his followers. Christian funeral rites mirror their belief in resurrection. The Bible attests that Jesus' death as atonement for the sins of mankind and his ultimate resurrection has enabled man to gain ascendancy over death. By way of preparation for the last journey, the body is cleansed physically as well as spiritually by washing and then anointing the body with sacred oil. In the Bible the process of anointing is described as follows, "Is any sick among you Let him call for the call for the elders of the church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord: And the prayer of the faithful shall save the sick and the Lord shall raise him up; and if he has committed sins, they shall be forgiven him"(James 5:14-15).

Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing †Is the Film More Absurd than the Novel? :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing – Is the Film More Absurd than the Novel? Surfacing, starring Joseph Bottoms, is not only an astute interpretation of Atwood’s work, but it is also a marvellous film in itself. Yes, marvellous. Certainly, it does justice to Atwood’s portrayal of substanceless women, but if it has any clearly defined themes, they are lost on the audience. What more could an audience want but a film that is incoherent and that is filled with vivid imageries? A woman dancing half-naked with a maggot-infested heron. A deadly fight breaking out because someone pipes up, "You play as well as you shoot?" The narrator searching for rock paintings. These fragments make up the backbone of this film and yes, they are shown in the proper sequence, unlike Margaret Atwood’s novel! No more pieces of information surfacing at unpredictable points in your mind, no further need to decipher the narrator’s invented past, and best of all, no need to agonize over the narrator’s painful process of finding her authentic self. In the film, the narrator is given a name, Kate. She is now more tangible, unlike Atwood’s narrator. Everyone knows that tangibility is what makes a piece of work great. At any rate, the film does a great job of stripping everything down to their essentials. Why make you plod through Atwood’s depiction of the tensions that exist between the French and the English? Just remove all that political nonsense! Why create suspense about the truth behind the narrator’s father’s drawings? Remove this as well, for it is a waste of time! Film viewing time is better spent on David and Anna’s preoccupation with sex, after all. Now, be forewarned: Relationships in the film have taken a different route from that of Margaret Atwood’s novel. "Kate" and her boyfriend Joe exchange many a word in the film, and they know one another well. Joe is easygoing and he even romps with David. In Atwood’s Surfacing, Joe is quite a different character. He is quiet and sullen, and he does not even like having the narrator look at him! Being unmarried is looked down upon in this little town, but in the film, when Evans sees "Kate" and Joe together, disapproval is apparent, and Evans comments on how Kate is "growed (sic) up and married." Of course, it may be suspicion on Evans’ part, but one cannot be sure. The most important discovery that the narrator makes in Atwood’s Surfacing is the discovery of her authentic self – the discovery that she needs not be a victim of her false self.

Ernest Hemingway Essay

Ernest Hemingway is one of the most legendary figures in American literature, known for his writing as well as his love of the dangerous—deep sea fishing, big game hunting, bullfighting in Spain, etc. As an author, he covers myriad subject matter in a very distinctive style. His sentences are short and non-descriptive, and the reader must work to uncover literary elements like theme. Dialogue is his real specialty. He uses very few descriptive details. His novels tend to be more about masculine subjects and based on his adventures while his short stories are known for his exploration of roles between men and women. His novels tend to be based on his experiences. In fact, as the Hemingway Resource Center states, â€Å"When you want to find the truth about Hemingway’s life, look first to his fiction† (Hemingway resource center). In Our Time was published in 1925 and contained some very notable short stories, such as â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River. † Men Without Women was published in 1927. The Sun Also Rises was one of the first books he published, and the subject matter was a group of young people living in Spain, expatriates living abroad. The main character was in â€Å"love† with a woman who was also in love with a bullfighter. â€Å"The Sun Also Rises introduced the world to the â€Å"lost generation† and was a critical and commercial success. Set in Paris and Spain, the book was a story of unrequitable love against a backdrop of bars and bullfighting† (Hemingway Resource Center). Soon after that in 1929 came A Farewell to Arms, which some would say is the best book to come out of the experience of World War I. The tragic ending actually comes from one of Hemingway’s wives (Pauline) and her struggles with childbirth. And after that came his dissertation called Death in the Afternoon, all about bullfighting. Hemingway says that, â€Å"It is intended as an introduction to the modern Spanish bullfight and attempts to explain that spectacle both emotionally and practically. It was written because there was no book which did this in Spanish or in English. † In this dissertation he began to form his idea of the true hero as â€Å"grace under pressure. † He also outlined his â€Å"theory of omission† or â€Å"iceberg principle,† which is a theory very important to future literature. He states: â€Å"If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of the iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. The writer who omits things because he does not know them only makes hollow places in his writing. † (Hemingway Resource Center). His novel called The Green Hills of Africa in 1935 came from the fascination Hemingway had with Teddy Roosevelt’s African hunting safaris. With borrowed money from his wife’s uncle, Hemingway spent three months in Africa on a safari of his own. The novel comes from this. 1940 brought For Whom the Bell Tolls, a novel about the Spanish Civil War. Many of his novels were really about that whole idea of the Hemingway hero. The Hemingway hero must face death bravely and live life to the fullest even in the presence of death. Hemingway suffered through a long period of not being favored by the critics and was determined to gain back his previous status. This is when he published The Old Man and the Sea, the quintessential novel of courage and persistence. This book sold over 5 million copies in a very short time, and suddenly Hemingway was on top of the heap once again. This book about a man’s struggle with a humongous marlin even won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953. He simply could not duplicate the brilliance of this book again. His nonfiction sketches of Paris in the 1920s called A Moveable Feast (1964) did nothing to advance his reputation. Unfortunately, due to age and medical problems Hemingway never wrote anything close to this again. He ended up killing himself due to depression and medical problems. While the themes of his novels tend to revolve around his experience, his short stories do so too but to a lesser extent. His focus in many of his famous short stories tends to be more about the lack of communication between males and females. For example, His short stories â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro† and â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Frances Macomber† both come from the safari experience as well although the focus is different. In â€Å"Snows of Kilimanjaro,† Hemingway’s main male character is a writer who has basically wasted his talent by becoming sexually involved with a rich woman who buys him everything he needs. This short story can certainly be seen as Hemingway himself lamenting the way that he was wasted his talent as a write although some say it is about F. Scott Fitzgerald. His male character, Harry, is a chauvinistic pig while the female character attends to his every need. She is weak, and this allows the writer to take total advantage of her. Again, the reader can’t help but wonder how much of this is autobiographical. Another short story that has gained much attention is from the 1927 book called men without Women. This story is called â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† shows how much of a story Hemingway could tell with very little. It defines his minimalist style. In classic Hemingway style a couple sits at the bar of a train station discussing an unknown subject. Part of the beauty of the story is that the reader must work to uncover the subject of their conversation, but also that every detail in the setting, in the story itself goes toward making meaning. It also shows the communication breakdown between man and woman. For example, the very fact that the story is set in a train station is pure beauty. This couple must make a decision about the issue before them (abortion). There is no going back and there is not standing still. They must get on whichever train they are getting on without hesitation. As the girl looks out one side of the station, she sees green, fertile ground. As she looks out the other side, she sees dry barrenness. Again, the symbolic meaning is clear. The couple has an entire conversation and never mentions the word abortion, nor do they look at each other. They look at everything else which shows the extent to which they are uncomfortable with the subject and each other. They repeat the same phrases over and over again without any true understanding, although the girl does seem to catch on in the end. This is classic Hemingway to show the lack of communication even between two people who are supposed to be close. A sample of Hemingway’s masterful dialogue follows: Well,’ the man said, ‘if you don’t want to you don’t have to. I wouldn’t have you do it if you didn’t want to. But I know it’s perfectly simple. ‘And you really want to? ’ ‘I think it’s the best thing to do. But I don’t want you to do it if you don’t really want to. ’ ‘And if I do it you’ll be happy and things will be like they were and you’ll love me? ’ ‘I love you now. You know I love you. ’ ‘I know. But if I do it, then it will be nice again if I say things are like white elephants, and you’ll like it? ’ ‘I’ll love it. I love it now but I just can’t think about it. You know how I get when I worry. ’ ‘If I do it you won’t ever worry? ’ ‘I won’t worry about that because it’s perfectly simple. ’ To say that this man and â€Å"girl† do not understand each other is pure understatement. They are talking in circles and are just not communicating. Hemingway’s short stories are full of this kind of dialogue. Another famous story called â€Å"Cat in the Rain† discusses the sense of isolation for an American wife. As Darren Felty states, â€Å"The work revolves around the desire of Hemingway’s protagonist, an American wife vacationing in Italy, to rescue a cat from an afternoon rain storm. She fails in her attempt, revealing in the process the emotional distance she feels from her husband and the attendants at the hotel. The story employs a complex of barriers, enclosures, and geometrically defined details to represent the emotional and psychological boundaries that restrict character interaction† (Felty). This seemingly simple story uses barriers to symbolize the relationship between the man and woman. Once again, communication is a huge problem. While the wife tells her husband of this poor kitty in the rain, he barely looks up from his paper. Eventually she ends in a tantrum, much like â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† in order to be heard. But the details of setting that Hemingway uses are genius to show the alienation of the characters. This story is told to perfect satisfaction in two pages. In following with a very important theme of Hemingway is â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River. † In this story, the reader follows Nick from innocence to knowledge. Basically Nick returns to a place he fished when he was younger, but the whole area has been destroyed by fire. However, by returning to this place of innocence from his youth, Nick is able to go forward in life as Hemingway’s heroes are. The theme of alienation is played out chillingly well in â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place. † Again, we see a Hemingway hero living his life but accepting death. In this story an old man comes to this diner every night. He arrives late one night as the young waiter is closing up, but the young waiter doesn’t want to let him have a drink. An older waiter, the voice of experience, allows him to have a drink because he understands just how important it is for everyone to have â€Å"a clean well-lighted place† that is open as long as possible. In other words, he understands loneliness in a way the younger waiter could never imagine. Lastly, an important short story is â€Å"The Short and Happy Life of Frances Macomber. In this story, Hemingway’s idea of a hero is played out. On this safari, Frances is very scared. He is also ruled by his wife. However, he stands up to his wife and is happy for a few seconds until he is killed. Like Hemingway’s code hero, he becomes brave (if only for a minute). He faces his fear and overcomes it; it matters not that he dies shortly after. F. Scott Fitzgerald criticized Hemingway for writing stories in which nothing happens. That is true in a way. There is not much action in Hemingway’s novels or short stories, but the dialogue and the setting tell the reader so much. Hemingway is known for his masterful use of dialogue and his sparse details to tell more than a complete story. He describes this in his iceberg principle. â€Å"If it is any use to know it, I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eighths of it underwater for every part that shows. Anything you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg. It is the part that doesn’t show. If a writer omits something because he does not know it then there is a hole in the story† (Hemingway). Overall, Hemingway is one of the greatest American writers the world has seen.

Pest analysis of Dell Inc in the USA - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3373 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? 1.0 Introduction Dell Inc is a US-based company that is engaged in designing, developing, manufacturing, marketing, and supporting information technology systems. The company offered product portfolio includes laptops, desktops, workstations, storage devices and printers, among several others. Geographically, the company has its operations in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and Asia Pacific-Japan. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pest analysis of Dell Inc in the USA" essay for you Create order The company is headquartered at Texas, the United States(Liebert,2009). Dell delivers innovative technology and services where placed at number 34 on the fortune 500 list. Dells climb to market leadership is the result of its sharp focus on delivering the best possible customer experience by directly selling, standards-based computing products and services. Dells concept reads that by selling computer systems directly to customers, it understands their needs and efficiently provides the most effective computing solutions to meet those needs (Shine,2008). revenues of (U.S. Dollars) USD 61101.0 million during the fiscal year ended 2009, a decrease of 0.1% from 2008. The operating profit of the company was USD 3190.0 million during the fiscal year 2009, a decrease of 7.3% from 2008. The net profit of the company was USD 2478.0 million during the fiscal year 2009, a decrease of 15.9% from 2008. 2.1 PEST-analysis In the following, the analysis of the political, economic, social and technological factors leads to a description of the macro environment of the Dell computer industry. a) Political Political factors include government regulations and legal issues determining the conditions under which companies have to operate. Dell Inc has to face certain restraints,while do business.For example,corporate tax rate estimated by the countrys Industrial Development Agency at 39.5 per cent in the US. The US government have restrictive their policies which are maintained to protect domestic industries and production. Such policies often hinder foreign companies from entering into their markets..(Scribd,2009) Research founds that, U.S. Congress to place Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) laws on the export of nonfunctional electronic products to developing countries that lack sufficient recycling and disposal infrastructure.In May 2009, Dell became the first major compu ter manufacturer to ban the export of certain electronic waste (ewaste) based on its material or chemical composition, to developing countries as part of global policy on responsible electronics disposal.As such, Dell has been an advocate for producer-responsibility legislation where the government is ready for such an approach and is prepared to support local communities, businesses and consumers work to develop a culture and practice of responsible recycling.(Dell,2010) The WEEE Directive aims to reduce waste from electrical and electronic equipment and to improve the environmental performance of everything involved in the life cycle of the equipment. b) Economic The economic environment refers to the nature and direction of the economy in which a firm competes or may compete.(Scribd,2009) Dell was the one of the three biggest PC firm after Hewlett-Packard and IBM.(Oreskovic,2010)The computer industry expects a growth of approximately ten percent over the next few years. This growth is influenced by the economic situation in a specific country, having an impact on the purchasing power of potential customers. The GDP growth rate of counties also impacts the sale of computers. Spending on computer hardware is expected to grow to $2.5 trillion in 2010.Real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth, rising consumer confidence and currency exchange rates all provide insight into the health of the computer hardware industry. Price is an important factor and hence inflation or fluctuating currency rates in a country might adversely affect the industry and margins. (Mehra,2008) The company reported revenue in 2010 rose 22% to $15.5 billion, versus Wall Streets estimate of $15.2 billion,and doing really well in the production and selling of personal computers. (Dell, 2010) One of the reason that Dells economic growth is the best known and renowned computer brands. Dell reported net income in its fiscal second quarter ended July 2010 was up to $545 million, f rom $472 million in the year-ago period.(Oreskovic,2010). 2.3 Social The socio-cultural segment is concerned with a society attitudes and cultural values. .(Scribd,2009) United State demand for computers is dependent on the educational level in a country. In the past the demand for laptop computers comprised only of businesspeople. Now, college students demand represents a considerable percentage of the total demand for laptop computers. Also children are getting familiar with the use of computers at a very young age. (Mehra,2008) To fullfil younger consumers, Dell likes to come out with a brand new laptop that better artwork as its cover which will attract the younger market. (Scribd,2009) are spending more time working away from the office. These executives are managing entire departments from home offices in a sign that telecommuting is going increasingly more main stream. Also laptops are getting more and more involved in daily life with increasing complexity of work. For example, executives and managers are managing entire departmen ts of offices is going incresingly acceptance of IT, it has provided impetus to the industry. Besides,the brand image of a computer and lifestyle trends get more and more decisive for the purchasing decision. Dell adapts to this trend, example by offering a wider range of notebooks and by trying to create a strong brand name. (Mehra,2008) 2.4 Technological The technological segment includes the institutions and activities involved with creating new knowledge into products, processes and materials. .(Scribd,2009) in laptop industry as crucial low cost leadership can be achieved through technological advancements and it also provides easy differentiation to the company. The companys application of the Internet to other parts of the business including procurement, customer support and relationship management is growing at a rate of 30 percent. The companys Web site received at least 25 million visits at more than 50 country-specific sites. Dell has to always keep up with tech nological advancements to be able to compete.Dell maintains quality by choosing the best in class component manufacturers (Intel Microsoft) and leveraging their scale investment in Research Development RD. Dell has been betting on a strong replacement cycle from 2010, helped by Microsofts next-generation Windows 7 operating system, to help pull it out of the current slowdown. (Reuters,2009) The educational potential of computer based technologies is wide-ranging. Introducing computer based systems not only to manage student interactions, but also to support differences in learning paths and styles, will allow more effective accommodation of a wider range of student experiences and preferences. For example,the Dell XPS brand is renowned for delivering the latest, world-class technology, and that legacy continues in the new models, which feature Intel Core i processors and the latest NVIDIA GeForce 400 series graphics with Optimus technology.(Dell,2010) Each Dell system is bui lt to order to meet each customers specifications. Sophiticated technology in Dell provides 24 hour on-line technical support, order status information, and downloading of software.Additionally, Increased Research Development have caused permanent innovation processes which lead to short product life cycles resulting in a faster depreciation of the products.(Schmid,2005) Because the rate of technology innovation has greatly slowed, the opportunity for companies to compete on the basis of rapid, significant changes has almost completely been eliminated. Wide reach of internet provides a great impetus to the industry. Dual-core technology, the most influential technology in laptop industry had been transited from high-end server to laptop for mass consumption. The upgrade cycle drives waves of new purchases among business and consumer customers as technological change transpires. where they operate The growth for the Dell in China has been tremendous in recent years ,and which has become the computer makers second-largest market after the United States. The expansion is indicative of the growing importance of the Chinese market both for computer sales as well as manufacturing. The company had sales of about $4 billion in second quarter 2010 from China, moreover, the U.S. Sales also grew 81% in China.(GECR,2010) Dell has two computer manufacturing plants in Xiamen and a global product engineering center in Shanghai. It also has a global service center in Dalian.(Ladendorf,2010)Dell also plans to open a second major China operations center next year in Chengdu and will become a manufacturing and customer support center. (Reuters,2010)Dell already employs about 6,000 people in China, and is the No. 2 supplier of computer systems in China with 9% share.(Dell,2010) Expanding to China gives the company the chance to reduce its labor costs.(Ladendorf,2010)) . The average hourly labor costs for 2009 are $1.27 in China compared to $25.34 in the U. S. which is totally largely different between two country.Cheaper labour cost helped Dell Inc. saving much more money and being a great step move up profitability.(Eskildson,2009) Dells total spend in facilities, employment, research and development and purchases from suppliers in China is estimated to be greater than US$100 billion over the next decade. Strategic investments in China that will help company better serve the regions increasing need for technology solutions and services.(Dell,2010) problems and solution The main problem faced by DELL is the fierce rivalry and Competition in the Industry..New entrants to a market might faced a lots of competitors that already exist in the market such as IBM,HP,Toshiba,and Apple.Every computer company in the industry wants to be the first to introduce the newest technology at the lowest possible price.The technological requirements for all computer companies have increased and get more competitive. This threaten Dell, as some established firms, like IBM and Apple, have had the financial resources to invest early in marketing and research which they would not have now. Dell solving this such rivalry by invest the most up-to-date technology and IT tools that allow it to effectively move along their advanced supply chain and attain the value they are reaching for.For example, Dell recently introduced Microsoft SharePoint 2010 which can quickly monitor and upgrading from an older version or a brand new implementation. In short,this software are desig ned to enhance Dells IT experience by changing the way interact with new technology.It is easier to manage and more reliable, which can give Dell a competitive edge.(Dell,2010) The second problem that faced by Dell when doing business in china is power of buyers.Dell computers approach direct sale model which is only available to be ordered on their website or by phone.Average Chinese consumer as generally not being very loyal and were uncomfortable using credit cards online thus hurting online sales.Over 65% of the chinese consumers usually according to on-site promotions and sales pitch and they prefer to see and touch the computer before buying it.especially for an enormously expensive luxury item like a computer. Besides,they were also not willing to wait the extra time for Dell to build the computer and ship it to them.Thus,this proves as a real barrier to Dells sales method. .(Schmid,2005) To settle this problem,Dell should invest in storefronts similar to the Apple s tore concept where the entire Dell product line can be seen and touched, a method that will probably work better with Chinese buying habits.Dell served by a hybrid business model that combines direct sales modal and retail sales channels to the international PC market.For example,Dell recently began offering Dimension PCs and XPS notebooks through Wal-Mart, Costco,and Chinese cities through fifty Gome Electrical Appliances stores,which is largest electronics retailer.(Chopra,2007)DELL invest inÂÂ  international retailer channels is a best opportunities for them face-to-face operations to gain consumers faith and trust in Dell services and product.(Scribd,2009)This would put the company in direct competition with the number one computer maker in China, Lenovo, who operates over 4,800 retail shops. IdeaStorm: Dell launched IdeaStorm in 2007 to engage with customers and to understand their needs and preferences to develop products. It is an incredible market research initiative with an added personal touch. Users are invited to share their ideas and collaborate with each other. This gives a clear idea to Dell about what their potential customers seek and to share these ideas throug hout the organization to gain further thoughts to translate these ideas into products. In essence, Dell has converted its customers, non-customers and potential customers into a massive product development team.(longhopper,2008) Things that should consider When Dell Inc. doing international business in China,the first thing that should consider is their cultural environment, government regulations. Guanxi in Chinese term referring to interpersonal connections between each country.Guanxi has been identified as one of the most important success factors in doing business in China regarded as a source of sustainable competitive advantage .(Fan,2004) The cultural differences that Dell China has experienced include: guanxi, whereas in the US, business is based on mutual understanding, such as mutually beneficial price. Dell believed that by understanding concepts guanxi is benefits for obtaining information on government policies, market trends and business opportunities.Another benefit widely cited is that the guanxi network improves efficiency by reducing the transaction costs. Dell need to exercise control and their attempt to minimize the influence of the large cultural distance between US and China. Dell should consider government regulations of other countries, when entrant to a new market. Labour law is one of govrnment regulation must be followed by Dell to eliminate threats. Standard working hours in china is eight hours a day six days a week whereas US average working hours is six hours per day five days per week. (ICTI,2010)Dell should respecting all laws, cultures, and values in the region they are in,if not, they would hard to penetrate market place.Dell should awareness in culture and government regulations because it is an extremely important factor when doing business in China. international method One of the successes of Dell in ecommerce globalization was selling product on the Web and now has sites aimed at 85 different countries and territories.(Bothma,n.d) The internationalisation method is known as Dell Direct method, is based upon selling directly to the customer. The customer is able to browse the products and options, respond via selection and complete a payment. Dell will then build the computer to the exact specification and deliver to the customer.(Mehra,2008) Dell uses a decentralized approach with its international sites.Dell created a common technology platform for each of its global sites, including a template for ordering and product information, which ensures a consistent user experience across their various international sites. Dell built manufacturing plants in each of the regions it serves, including Brazil, Ireland, China, and Malaysia. Because the comÂÂ ­pany employs local customer service staff, everytime a customer picks up the phone, theyre d ealing with someone local.(Bothma.n.d)For example, customers can place their orders by calling Dells toll-free number or by logging on to the companys Web site (https://www.dell.com). Their make order computer exactly delivery within 36 hours to their customers. (Gale, 2008)This direct contact with consumers gives Dell the unique opportunity to know exactly what its consumers want and offer products that would satisfy their specific needs. (Beals, 2007) One of the key benefits of the direct sales model is it negates the middle men. The after sales support of Dell had built up an excellent reputation in the industry.(Mehra,2008) Ansoff product matrix Dells mission is to be the most successful computer company in the world at delivering the best customer experience in markets. The Ansoff Growth matrix is a tool that helps businesses decide their product and market growth strategy. Ansoffs growth matrix suggests that a business attempts to grow depend on whether it markets new or existing products in new or existing markets.(Sikander.2008) Market penetration Market penetration occurs when a company enters a market with current products. The best way to do is to attract competitors customer and looking for potential customer for the existing products, with advertising or other promotions.(Grid,2008) Market penetration is the least risky way for a company to grow. Dell set an aggressive goal to reach $80 billion in revenue by 2010. To reach this goal, Dell should begin by adopting a broader market offering of internal workings of PCs, expanding its service business to include creativity to better match societal realitie s in developing countries such as India and China. Software is a service that can recognize as a potent market penetration tool. Thus, Dell is assembling a services portfolio that now includes e-mail disaster recovery, virus filtering and archiving via its Message One acquisition. (Alkerabi,2006) It helps Dell increase the profit by actively seeking more market share in market penetration. Small and Medium Business revenue was $3.7 billion, up 24 percent. In the quarter, Dell introduced new Power Edge servers, Power Vault storage, and Power Connect networking solutions that help small and medium businesses affordably update technology infrastructures with easy integration, minimal downtime and the ability to scale.(Rock,2010) Dell has already penetrated the market in China, where expected to be 80% of sales in next dadecade. Market development Strategy Developing a new market for the existing company product is called market development strategy. This is the process o f finding new market for the new customer to increase company performance by increasing sales and profits. Companies can develop market on geographical such as city, country, region, and state. (Grid,2008) Dell developed new market for their product worldwide. Present Market Dell, through the creation of subsidiaries, has expanded its business model worldwide. While its core business resides in the U.S., operations in Asia-Pacific and Japan continue to grow, making up 29%, and the Americas were up 18%. Revenue in Brazil, Russia, India and China grew 30 % of Dells year-to-date revenue. The company continues to expand its presence in these important countries, which now represent 13 % of total company revenue.(Rock,2010) In each market, Dell utilizes a direct sales methodology to eliminate the costs of the middle man. In each geographic market, Dell pursues three independent market segments: consumers, government and businesses. Of these three, Dell is the most reliant on the U.S. business segment, which is responsible for 21% to $45.8 billion of Dells YTD revenue. (Alkerabi,2006) Product Development Strategy Developing or modifying new products and offering to the existing market is called product development strategy. This strategy takes time and money for developing a new product. Marketing Manager must conduct a detailed survey to find out whether it is feasible to introduce new product in the current market. (Grid,2008) Present Products and services Dells present product line can be segmented into 5 major categories which is desktop and mobility computing, software and peripherals (printers, monitors, plasma TVs, etc.), servers and networking, infrastructure services and storage. These 5 categories span the computing industry and allow Dell to be engaged in all aspects of the individual and corporate computing experience. Within each of these categories, Dell offers products that appeal to many market segments. While often known as a low-e nd provider, Dell is expanding its personal computing by developed a new products with the reintroduction of its XPS brand for the consumer .This product offering will allow Dell to market its products to the entire spectrum of computer users, rather than approach the market from a broad perspective. Diversification Strategy Diversification Strategy is the development of new products in the new market. Diversification strategy is adopted by the company if the current market is saturated due to which revenues and profits are lower. At the corporate level, it is generally very risky and interesting strategy for entering a promising business outside of the scope of the existing business unit. (Grid,2008) Dell trying to attract new market by ready to change its personality from PCs manufacturer to multi task personality with diversification. Due to diversification product, Dell plans to enter into Smartphone market .Dell trying to enter in this market, because the Smartphone ma rket is far from settled thereby allowing new entries to more easily prosper.(Dell,2010) This new decision move up the value chain of Dell, but the risk could be high .A proper execution can lower down the risk. DELLs USP services play as a risk lowering factor. DELL is well known for its online retailing and service, if it will use its strategies in fine manner than they can make the Smartphone a compelling device. Moreover,Dell outperform their competitor, the main essence is depends on final designing of Smartphone.(Koyler,2010) In addition, this strategy will help ensure a continuing market for the Dell PC, server and integration service complete solutions provider businesses. It will also change Dells Business-to-Business brand from a solely value provider to a creativity.